• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE536866C2
    申请号:SE1150494
    申请日:2009-10-23
    公开日:2014-10-07
    发明作者:Hans-Otto Jeske
    申请人:Man Diesel & Turbo Se；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    536 866 preferably longer passages which have several windings, and whose walls are heated by solar radiation. In the same way, indirect solar heaters are also possible where, for example, a heat exchange medium is heated by solar radiation and then emits heat to the gas or where the gas is heated electrically with electricity generated in solar cells. Such indirectly functioning solar heaters can advantageously enable an optimal placement of the surfaces that capture the solar radiation or an intermediate storage of the solar energy.
    In unfavorable weather conditions, especially when it is overcast or at night, the gas can only be heated to a limited extent by the solar heating device. On the other hand, the gas-permeable liquid passages in the solar heating device, which are uniformly long and designed with large surfaces for better heat exchange, cause unfavorable pressure and even heat losses for the gas before it enters the turbine stage. To avoid this entropy loss, there is a valve that can alternatively be used to bypass the solar heating device so that the gas can be led from the compressor stage to the turbine stage without it flowing through the solar heating device.
    In accordance with this invention, the valve is designed as a four-way valve and thus has four connections: a compressor connection connectable to the compressor stage, a turbine connection connectable to the turbine stage, a solar inlet connection connectable to the solar heating device inlet and a solar outlet connection connectable to a the outlet of the solar heating device.
    Such a four-way valve makes it possible in a first switching position to connect the compressor connection to the solar inlet connection and the solar outlet connection to the turbine connection so that the gas flows, flows, from the compressor through the solar heating device where the heating with solar heat takes place and then the gas can flow into the turbine stage. In a second switching position, the valve connects the compressor connection to the turbine connection and allows gas to flow from the compressor to the turbine stage without flowing through the solar heating device.
    In one or both switching positions, a flow between those of the valve connections that are not connected may be permitted. Preferably, however, is that the compressor connection blocks the turbine connection in the first switching position and / or that the solar inlet connection blocks the solar outlet connection, in the second switching position the compressor connection to the solar inlet connection and the solar outlet connection to the turbine connection so that the bypasses it in the second switching mode. In the second switching position, the solar inlet connection and the solar outlet connection are preferably connected to each other so that the four connections are alternately connected to each other in a kind of crossing gear and so that a closed circuit, separated from the gas turbine, is formed with the solar heating device. 536 866 Such a four-way valve reduces the design and switching technical costs as well as the pressure losses that increase with each additional valve in a favorable manner compared to two or more two- or three-way valves.
    In particular, a four-way valve in accordance with this invention can in particular reduce pressure losses and pressure surges which occur when switching between the first and the second switching position, since two connections are connected in the same way as in a crossing gear while a connection is completely blocked at the known two-way and three-way valves which leads to refluxes. For example, if switching from the first to the second switching position, the gas just flowing through the solar heating device can flow into the solar heating device again through the connection between the solar outlet and solar inlet connection in a circuit. In the case of a two- or three-way valve, on the other hand, there is an abrupt stop at the blocked connection, which leads to pressure surges in the solar heating device and a high load on the valve. The gas which in the second switching position flows further in a circuit through the solar line connection, the solar heating device and the solar outlet connection also retains, apart from friction and reversal losses, favorable enough its kinetic energy so that the gas accelerates less at a rapid feedback to this first switching position. so that pressure shocks can be reduced.
    A further advantage of a four-way valve in accordance with this invention may lie in the fact that clogging or jamming of completely blocked connections, which occurs with low-frequency switching of two-way or three-way valves, can be avoided if each connection is constantly connected to another connection in a preferred performance.
    In a preferred embodiment, the valve can be connected at least in a third switching position where the compressor connection is connected to the solar inlet connection and to the turbine connection and where the solar outlet connection is also connected to the turbine connection. The gas coming from the compressor stage can consequently partially flow into the solar inlet connection and flow the compressor connection depending on the position of the valve and depending on the pressure and thus the solar heating device or directly into the turbine connection from the temperature conditions. In this way, it is possible to purposefully heat only a part of the gas with the sun in mixed operation.
    This can lead to the hydraulic diameter of the compressor, solar inlet, solar outlet and trap turbine connection varies in different third switching positions to vary the division into solar heated gas and gas which is led directly to the turbine.
    As a result, discrete third switching positions or a continuous variation of hydraulic diameters can be provided. In a favorable further development, at least one of the third switching positions for the solar inlet connection is blocked against the solar outlet connection in order to avoid secondary flows within the solar heating device. 536 866 For switching the valve, an adjustable damper has been mounted in the valve in a preferred embodiment. This can be made possible with a constructively simple and robust solution, a good seal or a simple activation, for example by an electric swing motor.
    As an alternative to an embodiment where one or more third switching positions can be selected, the valve can also be designed as a 4/2-way valve. In the usual way, an "x / y valve" here denotes a valve with x connections and y switching positions which are defined by connecting different connections.
    A 4/2-way valve is thus, for example, a valve with four connections and exactly two selectable switching positions, a first and a second. Valves with only two defined switching positions can have a simpler and safer construction.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compressor connection and the turbine connection have an angle to each other which is in the range between 45 ° and 135 ° and preferably substantially amounts to 90 °.
    In a prior art gas turbine, such as that shown in Fig. 1, the gas flows, flows away from the compressor 1 radially and to the high pressure turbine 3A radially. For this purpose, the flow after the compressor 1 is reversed 90 degrees in a bend 40 and passed to an external combustion chamber 2, after which it enters the high-pressure turbine 3A after adding fuel and burning the gas-fuel mixture.
    If the compressor and turbine connection has an angle in a range from about 45 degrees to 135 degrees, in particular essentially 90 degrees, this valve can be mounted instead of a conventional bend 40. This simplifies retrofitting to existing gas turbines with a switchable solar heating system and also provides optimal space for arranging the bypassable solar heating device in the complementary angular range to the angle between the compressor and turbine connection (top left in Fig. 1). Preferably, the compressor connection and the solar inlet connection, the solar inlet connection and the solar outlet connection and / or the solar outlet connection and the turbine connection also have an angle with each other which is always in the range between approximately 45 degrees and approximately 135 degrees and preferably amounts to 90 degrees. Preferably, the center line of these four connections should be substantially at the same level.
    For thermal, constructive and maintenance and assembly technical reasons, it may be advantageous to have one or more external combustion chambers between a compressor and a turbine stage which are arranged outside a gas turbine housing. In a preferred embodiment, at least one such external combustion chamber is arranged between the turbine connection and the turbine stage, so that the gas is first blown / heated through the solar heating device and then heated further by combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber. 536 866 In addition or alternatively, it is also possible to have one or more external combustion chambers before and / or inside the solar heating device. In particular, it is optionally possible to bypass the solar inlet connection together with the solar heating device through the four-way valve. connect the combustion chamber which is arranged between the solar inlet and The solar heating device which is located between the solar outlet connection and the solar inlet connection can have several solar heaters. They can differ in terms of power, construction, etc .. For example, there may be a direct solar heater where the gas is preheated by heat exchange with walls heated by solar radiation, and an indirect solar heater that is connected to this where the gas is heated further with electricity that obtained from solar cells.
    In addition or alternatively, one or more solar heaters can also be placed between the compressor stage and the compressor connection and / or between the turbine connection and the turbine stage, ie. before and after the solar heating device that can be bypassed by means of a valve. For example, a direct solar heater, which often requires a long gas passage to obtain a sufficient heat exchange which also leads to corresponding friction losses and - if solar energy is lacking - heat losses, can be placed in the bypassable solar heater and another indirect solar heater in the form of immersion heater powered by solar energy that generates lower pressure and heat losses to keep the heat losses on the way to the combustion chamber low.
    According to the above explanations, a four-way valve according to the present invention between the compressor and turbine stage enables an optional bypass of the solar heating device which is placed between the compressor and turbine stage through only one valve.
    Switching on and off of the solar heating device can be done, for example, manually or automatically, in particular by means of a control device which places the valve in the first, second or, where applicable, in a third switching position depending on the heating power of the solar heating system.
    More advantages and characteristic features are apparent from the dependent claims and from the examples of various embodiments.
    Fig. 1 shows a gas turbine in longitudinal section on the current technical development level before a modification according to the present invention.
    Fig. 2 schematically shows a switchable solar heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention for modifying the gas turbine of Fig. 1.
    Figs. 3A, 3B schematically show a fan / egg valve in a solar heating system according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
    Fig. 1 shows a gas turbine at the latest technical development level in longitudinal section.
    According to what has previously been explained, gas in a multi-stage compressor 1 is condensed and then turned 90 degrees in a bend 40 before it enters an external combustion chamber 2. In this 536,866 combustion chamber, fuel is supplied and the gas / fuel mixture is combusted. The hot exhaust gases enter radially into the high pressure turbine 3A and then they enter the reconnected payload turbine BB where part of its entropy is converted into mechanical work which is partly used for a compressor 1 running on the same shaft and partly used for a generator or the like (not shown).
    Such an existing gas turbine can be converted into a gas turbine in accordance with the present invention by replacing the bend 40 with a switchable solar heating system according to an embodiment in accordance with the present invention. Below, therefore, such solar heating systems are explained in more detail with the aid of Figures 2 and 3, while an explanation of other, substantially constructively similar, gas turbines is omitted.
    Fig. 2 shows a switchable solar heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This comprises a 4/2-way valve 4 with a compressor connection K which is connected to the last compressor stage of the compressor 1, a turbine connection T which is connected to the first turbine stage of the turbine 3, a solar inlet connection E which is connected to an inlet of a solar heater 5.1 and 5.2 and a solar outlet connection A which is connected to an output of this solar heating device. The four connections K, E, A and T are all located substantially on the sign plane in Fig. 2 and include in this order always an angle of 90 ° to each other.
    Mounted in the interior of the valve 4 is a rotatable damper 4.1 which can be set in a first switching position, which is shown by a solid line in Fig. 2, and a second switching position shown in dashed line in Fig. 2, by means of a control device which is activated by four manoeuvrable electric motors (not shown). In the first switching position, the damper 4.1 blocks the compressor connection K against the turbine connection T and the solar inlet connection E against the solar outlet connection A so that all gas is led from the compressor 1 through the compressor connection K and the solar inlet connection E which are connected to resp. communicates with this to a first solar heater 5.1 in the solar heating device. In this and in a subsequent second solar heater 5.2 in the solar heating device, the gas is heated by solar energy before it flows to the external combustion chamber through the solar outlet connection A and the turbine connection T which is connected to resp. communicates with it and burns there so that hot exhaust gases drive the gas turbine 3.
    If the solar heating power in the solar heating devices 5.1 and 5.2 is too low, which can be determined by the control device, for example, by comparing fixed temperatures on the solar inlet connection E and the solar outlet connection A, the electric motor sets the damper 4.1 in the second switching position (dashed in Fig. 2). In this way, the damper 4.1 blocks the valve 4 which consequently reverses the compressor connection K against the solar inlet connection E and the solar outlet connection A to the turbine connection T, while the compressor connection K communicates with the turbine connection T and the solar inlet connection E and the solar outlet A communicates with each other. Thanks to this, all gas from the compressor 1 is led directly to the combustion chamber 2 while the solar heating devices 5.1 and 5.2 are bypassed. Through the solar outlet connection A and the solar inlet connection E, which are connected to each other, gas contained in and 5.2 in flows back to the solar heating device so that its heat, its kinetic energy and pressure energy are maintained so the solar heating device 5.1 is a circuit which is now closed, when on friction and heat exchange losses. On the one hand, this reduces the load on the valve 4, in particular the valve damper 4.1, when switching from the first to the second switching position, since this gas does not need to be braked abruptly. On the other hand, this gas does not need to be heated and accelerated so much when resetting to the first switching position, if it has not been cooled by resp. brake set too much due to the losses.
    In addition, the closed circuits of the solar heating device 5.1 and 5.2 enable a type of storage of solar energy by heating the gas present in the circuits with the solar heater 5.1 and .2.
    While valve 4 in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2 as a 4/2-way valve has exactly two switching positions, a four-way valve according to a further embodiment as explained below with reference to Figs. 3A and 3B also enables activation of a third switching position.
    The valves in both embodiments are otherwise structurally similar, which is why we are content to only go into the differences in the embodiments explained below and otherwise refrain from these explanations.
    The damper 4.1 'to the four-way valve 4 in the further embodiment has been designed according to cake piece-shaped in such a way that the solar inlet connection E. is blocked against the solar outlet connection A in the first switching position shown in Fig. 3A, a third switching position shown in Fig. 3, is the result of a mathematically positive rotation of the damper 4.1 'by 45 ° and each position in between.
    In the case of a continued mathematically positive rotation over the third switching position shown in Fig. 3B, in particular in a second switching position towards the first switching position mathematically positive by 180 degrees, on the other hand, the solar inlet connection E and the solar outlet connection A are connected to each other. In the first switching position (Fig. 3A), the damper 4.1 ', as described previously with reference to Fig. 2, blocks the compressor connection K against the turbine connection T so that the gas is led completely through the solar heating device 5.1 and 5.2. In the second switching position, the damper 4.1 ', again as described above, blocks the compressor connection K towards the solar inlet connection E, and the solar outlet connection A and towards the turbine connection T, so that all gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 2 directly from the compressor 1 so that the solar heaters 5.1 and 5.2 are bridged. 536 866 in the third switching mode shown in FIG. SB, on the other hand, the compressor connection K is connected to both the inlet inlet E and the turbine connection T, which in turn communicates with the inlet A. and 45 ° (fig. SB), that flow deivis to the soybean heating device 5.1 and 5.2 is directly to the turbine connection T. In this way it is possible to purposefully heat only one day of the gas with soybean energy in mixed operation. This makes it easy to vary the hydraulic diameter of the compressor, soybean, soybean, soybean oehieiier turbine shafts by turning the nozzle 4.1 'to vary the division into gas heated with soybean energy and gas fed directly to the turbine. In all of these third switching conditions, the soybean connection is to avoid secondary flows within the barrier to the soybean upholstery connection to the soy heating device.
    Reference number in Compressor stage) 2 (External) combustion engine 3. 3A, 38 Turbine (stage) 4 Four-way valve 4.1, 4.1 'Spjäii 40 Krök .1, 5.2 Soivärmere A Soiutioppsansiutting E Soiinioppsansiutting K Compressoransiutting T Turbinansiutting
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    A switchable solar heating system for a gas turbine with compressor, with a valve (4) for optionally bypassing a solar heating device (5.1, 5.2) arranged between a compressor stage (1) and a turbine stage ( 3) in the gas turbine where the valve is designed as a four-way valve with a compressor connection (K) which can be connected to the compressor stage, a turbine connection (T) which can be connected to the turbine stage, a solar inlet connection (E) which can be connected to an inlet on the solar heating device and a solar outlet (A) which can be connected to an outlet on the solar heating device, characterized in that the valve has an adjustable damper (4.1, 4.1 ') which is rotatably arranged in the valve (4), that the adjustable damper (4.1, 4.1') in a first switching position connects the compressor connection (K) to the solar inlet connection (E) and the solar outlet connection (A) to the turbine connection (T) and locks the compressor connection (K) to the turbine the slope (T) and the solar inlet connection (E) to the solar outlet connection (A) and in a second switching position the compressor connection (K) connects to the turbine connection (T) and locks the compressor connection (K) to the solar inlet connection (E) and / or locks the turbine outlet (A) (T). A solar heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable damper (4.1 ') in at least a third selectable switching position connects the compressor connection (K) to the solar inlet connection (E) and the turbine connection (T) and connects the solar outlet connection (A) to the turbine connection (T) and / or blocks the solar inlet connection (E) against the solar outlet connection (A). A solar heating system according to one of claims 1 to 2 above, characterized in that the valve is designed as a 4/2-way valve. A solar heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressor connection (K) and the turbine connection (T) have a substantially angle of 90 ° to each other. A gas turbine with at least one compressor stage (1), at least one turbine stage (3) and a switchable solar heating system which is located between the turbine and compressor stages in accordance with one of the preceding claims. 10. 15 536 866 A gas turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one external combustion chamber (2) is located between the compressor stage and the compressor connection, between the solar inlet connection and the solar outlet connection and / or between the turbine connection (T) and the turbine stage (3) . A gas turbine according to claims 5 to 6, characterized in that at least one is arranged between the compressor stage and solar heater (5.1, 5.2), the compressor connection, between the solar inlet connection (E) and the solar outlet connection (A) and / or between the turbine connection and the turbine stage. A gas turbine according to any one of claims 5 to 7 above, characterized in that exactly one valve (4) is arranged between the compressor and turbine stage for any bypass of the solar heating device (5.1, 5.2) which is located between the compressor and turbine stage (1, 3 ). A gas turbine according to any one of claims 5 to 9 above which is characterized by a control device for optionally switching the valve to a first or second switching position according to claim 1. A gas turbine according to claim 9 characterized by the control device for optionally switching the valve has a third switching position in in accordance with patent claims
    [2]
    A gas turbine according to any one of claims 5 to 10 above, characterized in that the valve can be adjusted by means of the control device depending on the heating power of the solar heating device. 10
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE200810062455|DE102008062455A1|2008-12-16|2008-12-16|Switchable solar heater for a gas turbine|
    PCT/DE2009/050059|WO2010075854A2|2008-12-16|2009-10-23|Switchable solar heating device for a gas turbine|
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